氫氧化鉀可從電解高純度的氯化鉀水溶液制得。所用的電解槽形式以及生產(chǎn)過(guò)程類(lèi)似氫氧化鈉。使用隔膜電解槽時(shí)，所得的電解液含有10％～15％(質(zhì)量)的氫氧化鉀和約10％（質(zhì)量）的氯化鉀。經(jīng)蒸發(fā)、濃縮、冷卻，大部分的氯化鉀結(jié)晶析出，分離后得到含氫氧化鉀45％～50％的產(chǎn)品(含氯化鉀0.6％)。采用水銀電解法可以制得高純度的氫氧化鉀，但應(yīng)控制氯化鉀水溶液中重金屬雜質(zhì)的含量在0.1ppm以下，以免氯氣中含氫過(guò)高。采用離子膜電解法須使用專(zhuān)用的離子交換膜。氫氧化鉀比氫氧化鈉難于脫水。工業(yè)固體氫氧化鉀的純度為88％～92％，固體有塊狀和片狀兩種。液體氫氧化鉀有45％和50％兩種濃度規(guī)格。
Potassium hydroxide can be obtained by electrolysis of high purity aqueous potassium chloride solution. The type of electrolyzer used and the production process are similar to sodium hydroxide. When the diaphragm electrolyzer is used, the obtained electrolyte contains 10% – 15% (mass) potassium hydroxide and about 10% (mass) potassium chloride. After evaporation, concentration and cooling, most of the potassium chloride crystallizes and precipitates. After separation, the product containing 45% – 50% potassium hydroxide (containing 0.6% potassium chloride) is obtained. High purity potassium hydroxide can be produced by mercury electrolysis, but the content of heavy metal impurities in the aqueous solution of potassium chloride should be controlled below 0.1ppm to avoid high hydrogen content in chlorine gas. Special ion exchange membrane must be used for the ion-exchange membrane electrolysis. Potassium hydroxide is more difficult to dehydrate than sodium hydroxide. The purity of industrial solid potassium hydroxide is 88% – 92%. There are two kinds of solid: block and sheet. Liquid potassium hydroxide has two concentration specifications of 45% and 50%.

主要應(yīng)用:
Main applications:
氫氧化鉀是基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)工業(yè)中的重要產(chǎn)品，主要用作鉀鹽和鉀堿的生產(chǎn)原料，在醫(yī) 藥、輕工業(yè)、電化工、紡織等領(lǐng)域也有廣泛應(yīng)用。應(yīng)用舉例如下：一種以甲苯作為反應(yīng)的緩沖劑，用氫氧化鉀作催化劑將甲基環(huán)硅氧烷在一定溫度和壓力 的條件下進(jìn)行開(kāi)環(huán)聚合，再用硫酸進(jìn)行水解中和，最后減壓脫去甲苯制 得粘度為20～40CS，羥基含量在2～12％以上的小分子羥基硅油。本發(fā) 明的用氫氧化鉀催化合成小分子羥基硅油的方法采用甲基環(huán)硅氧烷為 原料，以甲苯作為反應(yīng)緩沖劑，用氫氧化鉀作催化劑，硫酸作中和劑在 水中進(jìn)行開(kāi)環(huán)聚合，(1)原材料的組分質(zhì)量份配比為：甲基環(huán)硅氧烷為100 質(zhì)量份、氫氧化鉀10～70質(zhì)量份、甲苯70～120質(zhì)量份、硫酸8.5～60 質(zhì)量份；(2)工藝控制條件：反應(yīng)溫度100～150℃、反應(yīng)時(shí)間2～7小時(shí)、 水解溫度30～70℃、水解時(shí)間1～3小時(shí)、攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速大于70轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘。
Potassium hydroxide is an important product in the basic chemical industry. It is mainly used as raw material for the production of potash and potash. It is also widely used in medicine, light industry, electrochemistry, textile and other fields. The application examples are as follows: a kind of small molecular hydroxy silicone oil with viscosity of 20-40cs and hydroxyl content of more than 2-12% was prepared by using toluene as buffer, potassium hydroxide as catalyst, methyl cyclosiloxane as ring opening polymerization under certain temperature and pressure, sulfuric acid as hydrolysis neutralization, and finally toluene was removed under reduced pressure. The method for synthesizing small molecular hydroxyl silicone oil by catalysis of potassium hydroxide adopts methylcyclosiloxane as raw material, toluene as reaction buffer, potassium hydroxide as catalyst, sulfuric acid as neutralizer to conduct ring opening polymerization in water, (1) the mass ratio of the components of the raw material is 100 Mass fraction, potassium hydroxide 10-70 mass fraction, toluene 70-120 mass fraction, sulfuric acid 8.5-60 mass fraction; (2) process control conditions: reaction temperature 100-150 ℃, reaction time 2-7 hours, hydrolysis temperature 30-70 ℃, hydrolysis time 1-3 hours, stirring speed greater than 70 rpm.
制作方法;
Production method;
方法1：離子膜發(fā)生產(chǎn)氫氧化鉀。離子膜氫氧化鉀生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)由一次鹽水精制、二次鹽水精制、淡鹽水脫氯、氯氫處理系統(tǒng)、蒸發(fā)濃縮系統(tǒng)組成。離子膜液堿生產(chǎn)所需原料主要有飽和精鹽水、鹽酸、KOH、螯合樹(shù)脂、純水、亞硫酸鉀及用于膠墊固定的粘合劑、抗粘合劑。
Method 1: potassium hydroxide was produced by ion-exchange membrane. The production system of ion-exchange membrane potassium hydroxide is composed of primary brine refining, secondary brine refining, light brine dechlorination, hydrogen chloride treatment system and evaporation concentration system. The raw materials for the production of ionic membrane liquid alkali mainly include saturated refined brine, hydrochloric acid, Koh, chelating resin, pure water, potassium sulfite, and adhesives and anti adhesives for rubber pad fixation.
方法2：一種高純氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品的制備方法，包括以下步驟：
Method 2: a preparation method of high-purity potassium hydroxide product includes the following steps:
(1) 取工業(yè)氫氧化鉀溶于超純水中，攪拌過(guò)濾除雜；
(1) The industrial potassium hydroxide is dissolved in ultra pure water, and the impurities are removed by stirring filtration;
(2) 往濾液中繼續(xù)加入絡(luò)合劑，冷凍并保持液體狀態(tài)，產(chǎn)生水和氫氧化鉀結(jié)晶；
(2) Continue to add complexing agent into filtrate, freeze and keep liquid state to produce water and potassium hydroxide crystal;
(3) 收集水合氫氧化鉀結(jié)晶，取其加熱溶化即得到高純度的氫氧化鉀溶液產(chǎn)品，而在惰性氣體保護(hù)下加熱烘干則得到高純度固體氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)
(3) Collect the crystal of hydrated potassium hydroxide, take it for heating and dissolving to get high-purity potassium hydroxide solution product, while under the protection of inert gas heating and drying to get high-purity solid potassium hydroxide production