氫氧化鈉又名燒堿，氫氧化鉀又名苛性堿，從這二者的別稱我們可以明顯得出這是都屬于強(qiáng)堿性物質(zhì)，具有很強(qiáng)的堿性和腐蝕，我們的皮膚在不小心與之發(fā)生接觸時(shí)容易引發(fā)燒傷。而燒傷是一種很嚴(yán)重的傷病，特別是由于近代工業(yè)的發(fā)展，堿的應(yīng)用得以推廣，臨床上堿燒傷是常見的一種燒傷。
Sodium hydroxide is also known as caustic soda and potassium hydroxide is also known as caustic soda. From their nicknames, we can clearly conclude that they are both strongly alkaline substances with strong alkalinity and corrosion. Our skin is easy to cause burns when we accidentally contact them. Burn is a very serious injury, especially due to the development of modern industry, the application of alkali has been popularized. Alkali burn is a common burn in clinic.
氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鉀的燒傷屬于堿燒傷，其原理是因?yàn)閴A對組織的吸水作用，使局部細(xì)胞發(fā)生脫水現(xiàn)象，堿離子與組織蛋白形成堿變性蛋白復(fù)合物，且此復(fù)合物可溶性較強(qiáng)，能使堿離子進(jìn)一步穿透至深部組織，如果我們治療不當(dāng)，還會繼續(xù)造成深部組織的傷害，使創(chuàng)面加深。

Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide burns are alkali burns. The principle is that the water absorption of alkali on the tissue causes dehydration of local cells. Alkali ions and tissue proteins form an alkali denatured protein complex, which is highly soluble and can further penetrate the alkali ions into the deep tissue. If we do not treat it properly, it will continue to cause damage to the deep tissue, Deepen the wound.
氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鉀燒傷引發(fā)的癥狀為：創(chuàng)面呈黏滑或肥皂樣變化，痂皮較軟，有進(jìn)行性加深的趨勢，深度常在深Ⅱ度以上，疼痛劇烈、創(chuàng)面感染易并發(fā)創(chuàng)面膿毒癥。
The symptoms caused by sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide burns are: the wound surface is sticky or soapy, the scab is soft, with a trend of progressive deepening, the depth is often more than deep II degree, severe pain, wound infection and wound sepsis.
當(dāng)我不小心發(fā)生堿接觸時(shí)要積極自救，使用大量的清水對傷口進(jìn)行清洗30分鐘以上，注意水的流量要足夠大，一方面可以保證不會有殘留物，另一方面也可減輕燒傷的痛感。也可使用一些醋酸或果酸溶液清洗。
When I accidentally come into contact with alkali, I should actively save myself. I should use a large amount of water to clean the wound for more than 30 minutes. Note that the flow of water should be large enough to ensure that there will be no residue on the one hand and reduce the pain of burns on the other hand. It can also be cleaned with some acetic acid or fruit acid solution.
發(fā)生燒傷后進(jìn)行積極自救，如情況非常嚴(yán)重則要馬上就醫(yī)。因?yàn)闊齻麜r(shí)的初期自救對后續(xù)治療的影響很大，這關(guān)系到傷口是否會感染擴(kuò)大。所以從事與氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鉀這種強(qiáng)堿性物質(zhì)相關(guān)的工作，一定要懂得自救的處理方法。
Carry out active self rescue after burns. If the situation is very serious, seek medical treatment immediately. Because the initial self rescue during burn has a great impact on the follow-up treatment, which is related to whether the wound infection will expand. Therefore, if you are engaged in work related to strong alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, you must understand the treatment method of self rescue.