目前還在應(yīng)用的氫氧化鉀的方法主要有隔膜法、水銀電解法、離子膜電解法，它的方法很多，一般評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)工序的優(yōu)劣，需要從成品質(zhì)量、成本、設(shè)備成本等各方面綜合考慮，我們今天就來(lái)講一下水銀電解法的工序。
At present, the methods of potassium hydroxide still used mainly include diaphragm method, mercury electrolysis method and ion-exchange membrane electrolysis method. There are many methods. Generally, the advantages and disadvantages of a process need to be comprehensively considered from the aspects of finished product quality, cost and equipment cost. Today, we will talk about the process of silver electrolysis method.
水銀電解法電解液的配制和隔膜電解法相同。電解室中以石墨(或金屬)作陽(yáng)，水銀作陰，電解生成的氯氣送氯氣干燥工序，生成的鉀汞齊流入解汞室。還有大部分的氯化鉀沒(méi)有發(fā)生反應(yīng)，再重新以淡鹽水的狀態(tài)經(jīng)處理后，返回原料溶解工序。鉀汞齊和清水發(fā)生反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鉀和氫氣。因?yàn)閺慕夤疑鰜?lái)的濃度為45%~50%，可當(dāng)做液體產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行使用，也可再經(jīng)熬堿鍋蒸濃成固堿或制成片狀產(chǎn)品。

The electrolyte preparation of mercury electrolysis method is the same as that of diaphragm electrolysis method. In the electrolytic chamber, graphite (or metal) is used as the positive and mercury as the negative. The chlorine generated by electrolysis is sent to the chlorine drying process, and the generated potassium amalgam flows into the mercury dissolving chamber. Most of the potassium chloride did not react, and then returned to the raw material dissolution process after being treated in the state of light brine. Potassium amalgam reacts with clean water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. Because the concentration generated from the mercury dissolving chamber is 45% ~ 50%, it can be used as liquid products, and can also be evaporated into solid alkali or made into flake products through alkali boiling pot.
(1)氯化鉀溶液的精制: 原材料氯化鉀在化鹽槽中進(jìn)行溶化，并且添加碳化鉀，氯化鋇除去鈣、鎂和硫酸根等雜質(zhì)，然后進(jìn)入澄清槽，清液溢流而出，使用砂濾器過(guò)濾出輕微的懸浮物送入中和槽，加鹽酸酸化流入精鹽水儲(chǔ)槽，經(jīng)過(guò)鹽水預(yù)熱器用泵將精鹽水打至鹽水高位槽，之后流入水銀電解槽。澄清槽底部的鹽泥，然后過(guò)濾回收其中的鹽水，泥排掉即可。
(1) Refining of potassium chloride solution: the raw material potassium chloride is dissolved in the salt tank, and potassium carbide is added. Barium chloride removes impurities such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate, and then enters the clarification tank. The clear liquid overflows. A slight suspension is filtered by a sand filter and sent to the neutralization tank, acidified with hydrochloric acid and flows into the refined brine storage tank, After passing through the brine preheater, pump the refined brine to the brine high-level tank, and then flow into the mercury electrolytic tank. Clarify the salt mud at the bottom of the tank, then filter and recover the brine, and then discharge the mud.
(2)電解: 水銀電解槽分電解室和解泵室兩部分。電解室中以石墨或金屬作陽(yáng)*，水銀作陰*，通電后產(chǎn)生的氯氣送氯氣干燥工序，電解生成鉀泵齊流入解泵室。大部分未反應(yīng)的氯化鉀以淡鹽水狀態(tài)經(jīng)處理后：返回鹽水工序。解泵室中，鉀泵齊與端部清水反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鉀溶液流入電解液貯槽。解泵室產(chǎn)生的氫氣送入到氫氣輸送站。
(2) Electrolysis: Mercury electrolytic cell is divided into electrolysis chamber and pump chamber. In the electrolysis chamber, graphite or metal is used as the positive * and mercury as the negative *. The chlorine generated after power on is sent to the chlorine drying process, and the electrolyzed potassium is pumped into the de pumping chamber. Most unreacted potassium chloride is treated in light brine and then returned to brine process. In the DEPUMPING chamber, the potassium pump reacts with the clean water at the end to generate potassium hydroxide solution, which flows into the electrolyte storage tank. The hydrogen generated in the de pumping room is sent to the hydrogen transmission station.
(3)固堿: 從水銀電解槽解泵室出來(lái)的含KOH45-50%的堿液，經(jīng)熬堿制成固堿或經(jīng)制片機(jī)制片成產(chǎn)品。
(3) Solid alkali: alkali liquor containing koh45-50% from the pump chamber of mercury electrolytic cell is made into solid alkali by boiling alkali or into products by making machine-made tablets.
上面介紹的就是使用水銀電解法的氫氧化鉀的工序，一般可以用來(lái)弄成液堿和固堿，兩種都可以進(jìn)行使用。
The above is the process of potassium hydroxide by mercury electrolysis, which can generally be used to make liquid alkali and solid alkali, both of which can be used.