氫氧化鉀在常溫下腐蝕不嚴(yán)重，但在高溫和應(yīng)力作用下會(huì)嚴(yán)重腐蝕很多金屬。鋼在常溫下可在稀氫氧化鈉溶液中使用，但會(huì)隨著溫度或濃度的升高而迅速腐蝕。那么檢查工業(yè)氫氧化鉀的注意標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和問(wèn)題理解有哪些呢？
The corrosion of potassium hydroxide is not serious under normal temperature, but it will seriously corrode many metals under high temperature and stress. Steel can be used in dilute sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, but it will corrode rapidly with the increase of temperature or concentration. What are the standards for attention and understanding of problems in checking industrial potassium hydroxide?
工業(yè)氫氧化鉀檢驗(yàn)注意標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Standard for inspection of industrial potassium hydroxide
以氫氧化鉀礦石和硫磺為原料生產(chǎn)的工業(yè)氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)分為出廠檢驗(yàn)和型式檢驗(yàn)兩種。一般情況下，型式試驗(yàn)應(yīng)每月進(jìn)行一次。
The quality inspection of industrial potassium hydroxide products produced from potassium hydroxide ore and sulfur can be divided into factory inspection and type inspection. In general, the type test shall be conducted once a month.
分批檢驗(yàn)，將每個(gè)儲(chǔ)罐視為一個(gè)批次產(chǎn)品，按規(guī)定取樣。每批抽取的樣品總量不得少于500ml?；旌虾?，將樣品裝入帶有研磨塞的干凈、干燥的玻璃小瓶中。瓶子上應(yīng)標(biāo)明生產(chǎn)廠家名稱、產(chǎn)品名稱、批號(hào)、類別、等級(jí)、取樣日期和取樣人員姓名。
For batch inspection, each storage tank shall be regarded as a batch of products and sampled as required. The total amount of samples taken from each batch shall not be less than 500ml. After mixing, the sample is placed in a clean, dry glass vial with a grinding plug. The bottle shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer, product name, batch number, category, grade, sampling date and the name of the sampling personnel.
工業(yè)氫氧化鉀檢驗(yàn)中有一項(xiàng)不符合要求的，一般情況下可重復(fù)抽取雙份樣品進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。產(chǎn)品不合格的，產(chǎn)品資金不得用于銷售，即生產(chǎn)企業(yè)按照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)加工，保障客戶權(quán)益。
If one item of industrial potassium hydroxide fails to meet the requirements, double samples can be taken repeatedly for inspection under normal circumstances. If the product is unqualified, the product funds shall not be used for sales, that is, the production enterprise shall carry out production and processing in accordance with national standards to protect the rights and interests of customers.

了解檢查工業(yè)氫氧化鉀時(shí)的問(wèn)題
Understand the problems when checking industrial potassium hydroxide
氫氧化鉀在常溫下無(wú)腐蝕性，但在高溫和應(yīng)力作用下會(huì)對(duì)許多金屬造成嚴(yán)重腐蝕。不同溫度下不同濃度氫氧化鈉溶液的設(shè)備和管道材料不同，氫氧化鈉溶液濃度為0～30%。如果溫度低于50℃，則采用I類材料制造的設(shè)備和管道一般具有耐腐蝕能力；而50～100℃的0%～30%氫氧化鈉溶液對(duì)采用耐腐蝕Ⅱ類材料制成的設(shè)備和管道具有更好的性能。
Potassium hydroxide is non corrosive at room temperature, but it will cause serious corrosion to many metals under high temperature and stress. The equipment and pipeline materials with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution at different temperatures are different. The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0 ~ 30%. If the temperature is lower than 50 ℃, the equipment and pipelines made of class I materials generally have corrosion resistance; However, 0% ~ 30% sodium hydroxide solution at 50 ~ 100 ℃ has better performance for equipment and pipelines made of corrosion-resistant class II materials.
對(duì)氫氧化鈉有良好的耐腐蝕性，其次是鎳。銀和鎳可以承受所有濃度和溫度下的氫氧化鈉，直至熔化(480°C)。適用于高溫、高濃度堿，鎳及其合金（如Inconel、Monel等）是選擇。不銹鋼能耐40%～50%以下的NaOH溶液80～100℃，但不能耐高濃度和高溫堿液。碳鋼在低溫稀NaOH溶液中具有良好的耐蝕性，并能在表面形成固體氧化物保護(hù)膜。由于價(jià)格低廉，往往是很多用戶的選擇。
It has good corrosion resistance to sodium hydroxide, followed by nickel. Silver and nickel can withstand sodium hydroxide at all concentrations and temperatures until melting (480 ° C). It is suitable for high temperature and high concentration alkali. Nickel and its alloys (such as Inconel, Monel, etc.) are the choice. Stainless steel can withstand 80 ~ 100 ℃ of NaOH solution below 40% ~ 50%, but can not withstand high concentration and high temperature alkaline solution. Carbon steel has good corrosion resistance in low temperature dilute NaOH solution, and can form solid oxide protective film on the surface. Because of its low price, it is often the choice of many users.
氫氧化鉀不定型的原因有三：一是氫氧化鉀中常見的金屬離子雜質(zhì)的存在會(huì)影響產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定性。因此，在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，通常會(huì)加入大量的穩(wěn)定劑來(lái)抑制雜質(zhì)的催化作用。其次，氫氧化鉀在低溫下比較穩(wěn)定。工業(yè)氫氧化鉀加熱到153℃以上會(huì)發(fā)生爆炸。第三，介質(zhì)的pH值對(duì)工業(yè)氫氧化鉀的穩(wěn)定性影響很大。在酸性介質(zhì)中，性能更穩(wěn)定，氧化反應(yīng)更慢。在堿性介質(zhì)中，易分解。同時(shí)，在這種條件下，過(guò)量的工業(yè)氫氧化鉀可以通過(guò)加熱完全破壞。
There are three reasons for the amorphous potassium hydroxide: first, the presence of common metal ion impurities in potassium hydroxide will affect the stability of the product. Therefore, in the production process, a large number of stabilizers are usually added to inhibit the catalysis of impurities. Secondly, potassium hydroxide is relatively stable at low temperature. Industrial potassium hydroxide will explode when heated above 153 ℃. Third, the pH value of the medium has a great influence on the stability of industrial potassium hydroxide. In acid medium, the performance is more stable and the oxidation reaction is slower. It is easy to decompose in alkaline medium. At the same time, under this condition, excessive industrial potassium hydroxide can be completely destroyed by heating.
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